America at 250: United States Semiquincentennial and Columbia

The U.S. Semiquincentennial and Columbia University

As the United States marks its Semiquincentennial, or 250th anniversary, Columbia News is reflecting on the story of a University that began before the nation itself. Founded in 1754 as King’s College, the institution that is now known as Columbia University opened its doors under British rule, more than two decades before the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. 

On This Page

Insights from historians examining the Revolutionary era.
Archival treasures from Columbia’s Libraries, featuring rare documents and collections.
Public programs and conversations on campus and across Upper Manhattan.
Stories of Columbians and Columbia University from the Revolutionary era and beyond.

The College was established on the ancestral lands of the Lenape people and developed within a colonial society sustained by slavery, conditions that shaped its early leadership, finances, and daily life.

Future founders, such as Alexander Hamilton, tested ideas in classrooms and pamphlets. John Jay, Gouverneur Morris, William Samuel Johnson, and Robert R. Livingston would go on to help shape the early republic and the University. 

Others remained committed to the Crown, including Myles Cooper, the second president of the College, who in 1775 fled to England to escape revolutionaries who targeted him for his loyalist views. 

In those formative years, loyalists and revolutionaries studied side by side in Lower Manhattan. The debates unfolding in New York and in the College’s halls were not abstract; they were urgent, personal, and foundational.

By April of 1776, just before the July 4 adoption of the Declaration of Independence, King’s College closed its doors to instruction as American troops seized College Hall in Lower Manhattan for use as a Continental Army Hospital. 

The debates unfolding in New York and in the College’s halls were not abstract; they were urgent, personal, and foundational.

After a humiliating defeat during the Battle of Long Island in August of 1776, the redcoats began to drive the Continental Army out of New York City. In early September, the British Army took over the College Hall hospital and continued to use it until the end of the war.

In September 1776, the Battle of Harlem Heights unfolded on what is today's Morningside Heights campus. It was an important early patriot engagement that echoed the debates and conflicts inside the College walls in lower Manhattan. It was also George Washington’s first battlefield victory in the war, which would rage across the colonies for nearly seven more years.

After the Revolution, King’s College became Columbia College, a break from the British Empire and an embrace of a new national identity. Over the next two and a half centuries, Columbia’s influence extended well beyond its campus: four U.S. presidents are among its affiliates. Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin D. Roosevelt studied at Columbia Law School; Barack Obama graduated from Columbia College; and Dwight D. Eisenhower led the University before taking office in Washington.

Columbia’s history is intertwined with the nation’s: revolution and enslavement, suffrage and resistance, war and protest, scientific breakthroughs and moral questions.

But this legacy is not only one of leadership and achievement; it is also a record of struggle and reckoning. Columbia’s history is intertwined with the nation’s: revolution and enslavement, suffrage and resistance, war and protest, scientific breakthroughs and moral questions. It is marked by intellectual discovery and civic leadership, but also by persistent calls for justice and evolution.


To mark 250 years of American independence, this page brings together the many ways Columbia engages with that legacy. Explore insights from historians examining the Revolutionary era and its continuing impact. Discover archival treasures in Columbia's Libraries that help us explore the past through rare documents and collections. Join public programs and conversations happening across campus and Upper Manhattan. And read stories of students, alumni, and faculty who have shaped and challenged this country throughout its history.

The Semiquincentennial is not only a commemoration but an invitation: to examine how a University older than the nation has been shaped by its triumphs and challenges, and how it continues to question, test, and reimagine the ideals that were fought for right here on the ground where we stand on today. 

This page will be updated with new content throughout the anniversary year.

Columbia Experts

Columbia historians and scholars examine the American story in all its complexity. 

elizabeth blackmar
Elizabeth Blackmar

Mary and David Boies Professor of American History

Christopher Brown
Christopher Brown

Professor of History

Jeremy Dauber
Jeremy Dauber

Mendelson Family Professor of American Studies, Director of the Center for American Studies

Andrew Delbanco
Andrew Delbanco

Alexander Hamilton Professor of American Studies

Hannah Farber
Hannah Farber

Associate Professor of History

Lori Flores
Lori Flores

Associate Professor of History

Tom James
Thomas James

Professor of History and Education, Teachers College

Richard John
Richard John

Professor of History and Communications

Thai Jones
Thai Jones

Lecturer in History, Lehman Curator for American History

Michele Moody-Adams
Michele Moody-Adams

Joseph Straus Professor of Political Philosophy and Legal Theory

Timothy Naftali
Timothy Naftali

Senior Research Scholar in the Faculty of International and Public Affairs

Frances Negron-Muntaner
Frances Negron-Muntaner

Director of the Center for the Study of Ethnicity and Race; Julian Clarence Levi Professor in the Humanities

Mae Ngai
Mae Ngai

Lung Family Professor of Asian American Studies and Professor of History

Carlos Alonso Nugent
Carlos Alonso Nugent

Assistant Professor of English and Comparative Literature

Shana Redmond
Shana Redmond

Professor of English and Comparative Literature, Director of the Center for the Study of Social Difference

Audra Simpson
Audra Simpson

Professor of Anthropology

Michael J. Witgen
Michael Witgen

Professor of History

Andreas Wimmer
Andreas Wimmer

Lieber Professor of Sociology and Political Philosophy


Columbians Featured in 'The American Revolution' Documentary

The American Revolution | A Film by Ken Burns, Sarah Botstein, & David Schmidt.

Columbia scholarship is helping shape the national conversation around the 250th anniversary of U.S. independence. Christopher Brown, Professor of History, served as a historical advisor to and appears in Ken Burns’ PBS documentary The American Revolution, offering insight into loyalism, British political logic, and the complex choices facing African Americans during the war. You can read about his experience working on the documentary in TIME magazine.

He is joined in the series by Michael John Witgen, Professor of History and Director of the Center for the Study of Ethnicity and Race, whose work reframes the Revolution through Native and continental perspectives, and by Erica Armstrong Dunbar (GSAS ’00), a Columbia alumna and leading scholar of African American women’s history. 

Together, their participation reflects Columbia’s ongoing role in advancing a fuller, more inclusive understanding of the nation’s founding era.


The Imagining Liberty Project at Teachers College

Imagining Liberty

The Imagining Liberty Project revisits the widely shared experience of hope that has become a driving force in U.S. history over 250 years of social change. Developed by Thomas James, Professor of History & Education and students at Teachers College, Columbia University, the multi-modal project aims to draw attention to education, both in the past and in the present and future, as part of the momentous anniversary celebration of the nation's founding during the American Revolution. Learn more and access resources.

Archives & Collections

Spirit of 1976 poster

A new exhibition at the Rare Book & Manuscript Library looks back at how Columbia University marked the United States’ 200th birthday. 

The exhibition opens in the Rare Book & Manuscript Library display cases on Butler Library's sixth floor in time for Reunion Weekend and runs through August 2026. The RBML is open Monday through Friday, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. CUID holders may visit without an appointment; members of the public should register at the Library Information Office with a government-issued photo ID. 

And keep an eye out for another exhibition in Butler Library this summer, which will shed light on the Battle of Harlem Heights, which took place where the University stands today. 


Stories From A Revolutionary Era

A curated collection of stories that explore Columbia University during the 1700s.

Robert Livingston
The Columbia-Educated Lawyer Who Helped Write the Declaration of Independence

Robert Livingston may have missed the document’s official signing, but his anti-tyranny legal philosophy still resonates today. 

Matricula 1770
1776: The First Fallen Columbia Alumnus of the Revolutionary War

Patriot Harman Rutgers was the first King’s College alumnus to fall during the Revolutionary War. 

College Hall Cornerstone in the Trustees Room of Low Library
Where You Will Find the Original Cornerstone of College Hall

In the Trustees Room in Low Library, you'll find a solid block of red sandstone with an inscription in Latin—the original cornerstone of College Hall, the home of King's College, laid in 1756.

John Jay signed book
John Jay: #DormLife in 1764

John Jay would probably be amused if he knew that many, many years in the future, his old Alma Mater would honor his legacy by naming a dormitory after him. It was a dorm room incident in the original College Hall in 1764 that earned him a suspension from the College and almost prevented him from graduating.

Imperfect Revolutions
A Complicated History of Imperfect Revolutions

In "The Age of Revolutions and the Generations Who Made It," Nathan Perl-Rosenthal (GSAS'11) has written the first narrative history of the period of 1760–1820, in which two generations of revolutionists transformed the political systems of North America, Europe, the Caribbean, and Spanish America.

A Compedium of the Laws and Government of England
A History of the Law Library Through Artifacts and Treasures

The library of William Samuel Johnson, a signer of the U.S. Constitution who served as the third president of Columbia College (1787–1800), was donated to the school in 1859. The collection contains several volumes dating to the 17th century, including the book on display.


 

Alexander Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton—From King’s College to Broadway

Hamilton attended King’s College from 1774-1776, then quit to serve in the brand-new Continental Army as a commissioned officer, a post he attained with the help of his future fellow framer of the Constitution, John Jay (King’s College, 1764).

Seixas Award Medal
Columbia Trustee, Jewish Leader, and Patriot of the American Revolution

Gershom Mendes Seixas, the first Jewish trustee of Columbia College, served from 1787 until 1815. A patriot during the Revolutionary War, Seixas helped reestablish the College when the war ended.

Hamilton Grange
A Founding Father’s Harlem Footsteps

From the creation of the Bank of New York to sitting at the helm of Columbia College, American revolutionary Alexander Hamilton's New York City connections run deep. 

Phyllis Wheatley Peters
The Name Columbia College

On May 1, 1784, a New York State statute declared “that the College within the City of New York heretofore called King’s College be forever hereafter called and known by the name of Columbia College.” Here is the story of how that name came to be. 

Enos Johnson
An Overdue Book from the King’s College Library

These are the King's College volumes that survived the Revolutionary War. 

A King's College Crown from College Hall.
A Royal Symbol Persists Beyond the Revolution

After the evacuation of the British in 1783, any remaining British flags and symbols were quickly replaced or destroyed. However, King’s College, which became Columbia College on May 1, 1784, managed to preserve one item from its regal days.

Events & Conversations

Current and upcoming exhibitions and events across New York City that invite you to reflect on the American story.

paint-brush icon
April 10-Sept. 13 Exhibit | Folk Nation: Crafting Patriotism in the United States

Drawn from the American Folk Art Museum’s rich collections, this exhibit explores links between vernacular art and the construction of an American sense of self. 

ship icon
July 4 Event | Sail 4th 250

The tall ships of the world will arrive at the Port of New York and New Jersey for a celebration of America's 250th anniversary. 

newspaper icon
Ongoing Exhibit | Path to Liberty: The Emergence of a Nation

A multi-gallery special exhibition featuring documents, artifacts, and works of art from the Fraunces Tavern Museum’s permanent collection that tell the history of the American Revolution from 1775 to 1783 in New York.

bank icon
Ongoing Exhibit | The Occupied City New York and the American Revolution

This major exhibition at the Museum of the City of New York transforms the Museum’s entire third floor into a 7,000-square-foot immersive journey through Revolutionary-era New York.

Past Events

Public lectures, panels, and performances across campus and Upper Manhattan invite the community to engage with the 250th anniversary of U.S. independence.

Harlem Theaters: From Hammerstein's Harlem Opera House to the Apollo Theater
Harlem Theaters: From Hammerstein’s Harlem Opera House to the Apollo Theater — A Walking Tour

Date & Time: April 11 | 11:00 a.m.
Location: The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, 515 Malcolm X Blvd.

As part of Carnegie Hall's United in Sound: America at 250 festival, The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture and Harlem One Stop will host a walking tour, led by Columbia University A'Lelia Bundles Community Scholar and longtime Harlem resident John T. Reddick, about the history of Harlem’s 125th Street as a hub of theaters and culture.

Le Premier Americain: Benjamin Frankling in France
Le Premier Américain: Benjamin Franklin in France

Date & Time: April 14 | 6:00 p.m.
Location: East Gallery, Maison Française, Buell Hall

Columbia's Maison Française will host Pulitzer Prize-winning author Stacy Schiff, who wrote A Great Improvisation: Franklin, France, and the American Revolution (Holt, 2005), for a conversation in honor of the 250th anniversary of the U.S. Revolution, reflecting on how Benjamin Franklin produced and nurtured the French alliance to which the country owes her independence.

From Sea to Shining Sea
'From Sea to Shining Sea' — Music to Celebrate America's 250th

Date & Time: April 16 | 7:00 p.m.
Location: Teatro, Italian Academy, 1161 Amsterdam Ave.

Join a lively music festival celebrating 250 years of America's journey, coast to coast, featuring David Witten, pianist, with Grace Renée Pfleger, mezzo-soprano. This event, hosted at Columbia's Italian Academy, forms part of Carnegie Hall's United in Sound: America at 250 festival. 

"As Sincere an American as Any Frenchman Can Be"
'As Sincere an American as Any Frenchman Can Be' — Lafayette Between Two Worlds

Date & Time: April 14 | 6:00 p.m.
Location: East Gallery, Maison Française, Buell Hall

Columbia's Maison Française will host Laura Auricchio, a specialist in 18th-century French and American art history who received her undergraduate degree from Harvard and her Ph.D. from Columbia University, for a conversation about the Marquis de Lafayette, who volunteered to fight the British under George Washington and led the French National Guard after the storming of the Bastille. Lafayette has been called the “Hero of Two Worlds” and “America’s Favorite Fighting Frenchman.”

Perspectives on American History Through the Centuries

In Columbia Magazine, a selection of 10 history books by Columbia alumni offers readers engaging windows into major moments and figures in American and global history. From reevaluations of Reconstruction and geostrategic decision-making to Pulitzer Prize-winning biographies and narrative explorations of society’s foundations, these works show how historical inquiry deepens our grasp of the past and sharpens our view of the present.

Below, find more insightful books (along with Q&As with faculty authors) on the forces that have defined our nation as it approaches its 250th anniversary.

Seeing Red
Seeing Red: Indigenous Land, American Expansion, and the Political Economy of Plunder in North America

History Professor Michael Witgen sheds light on the story of the many Indigenous nations that fought for the preservation of their land and sovereignty.

The Glorious American Essay
The Glorious American Essay

Professor Phillip Lopate gathers three centuries of American essays that tell us something about American values or have a subtext about being American.

Scenes of Subjection
Scenes of Subjection: Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making in Nineteenth-Century America

University Professor Saidiya Hartman investigates the forms of routine terror and violence characteristic of slavery.

Women’s War: Fighting and Surviving the American Civil War
Women’s War: Fighting and Surviving the American Civil War

Professor Stephanie McCurry dismantles the long-standing fiction that women are outside of war and shows that they were indispensable actors in the Civil War, as they have been—and continue to be—in all wars.

The Chinese Question
The Chinese Question: The Gold Rushes and Global Politics

Professor Mae Ngai reveals the origins of prejudice against Chinese immigrants in the United States and the Anglophone world in the late 19th century.

Keeping the Faith
Keeping the Faith: God, Democracy, and the Trial That Riveted a Nation

Adjunct Professor Brenda Wineapple examines the early years of the 20th century to illuminate, through the Scopes trial, a seismic period in American history.

American Comics: A History
American Comics: A History

Professor Jeremy Dauber traces the evolution of American comics from the Civil War to the present, revealing how the medium both reflects and shapes the nation’s cultural and political identity.

Three or More is a Riot
Three or More Is a Riot: Notes on How We Got Here, 2012-2025

Columbia Journalism Dean Jelani Cobb takes readers to the front lines of this era of upheaval.

 

More Columbia History

To better understand how Columbia’s own story mirrors and diverges from the nation’s, check out these three foundational resources on the University’s history.

The construction of Low Library in 1896.
A Brief Timeline of Columbia University in the City of New York

Explore a historical timeline of Columbia University, the oldest institution of higher education in New York, the fifth-oldest in the United States, and one of the world’s leading research institutions. 

Kings College 1754.
The History of Columbia College

The College enrolled its first class in summer 1754. The campus was located in a vestry room in a school house at Trinity Church, in what is now part of Lower Manhattan. That first class comprised eight students and one faculty member.

The Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Columbia, which holds the Columbia University Archive.
Columbia University Archives

The University Archives, a unit within the Rare Book & Manuscript Library, preserves the institutional memory of Columbia University through the acquisition of official University records and related historical collections and materials from its founding in 1754 to the present day.